Gas units times the gwei price, in exact wei, split into the base fee that is burned and the tip the validator keeps. Add what one ETH is worth to you for a currency column, or work backwards from a budget to the gas price that fits it.
This transaction costs 0.0006195 ETH, about 1.98 USD.
Set by the protocol, burned entirely.
Your bid for inclusion, paid to the validator.
The ceiling you authorise. Anything unused comes back.
1.98 USDat your typed price
Give a figure you are willing to spend and this is the highest gas price that stays inside it, for the 21,000 gas units above.
Rounded down, so the answer never goes over the budget. It uses the ETH price you typed, which is the only reason this figure exists at all.
| Gwei | ETH | USD |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000021 | 0.0672 |
| 5 | 0.000105 | 0.34 |
| 10 | 0.00021 | 0.67 |
| 15 | 0.000315 | 1.01 |
| 20 | 0.00042 | 1.34 |
| 30 | 0.00063 | 2.02 |
| 50 | 0.00105 | 3.36 |
| 80 | 0.00168 | 5.38 |
| 120 | 0.00252 | 8.06 |
| 200 | 0.0042 | 13.44 |
Gas usage is a property of the code being run, not of the fee market, so these figures move only when the price does. They are typical values: a contract that writes a fresh storage slot costs more than one that updates an existing one, which is why the first token transfer into an empty balance is the dearest.
| Transaction | Gas | ETH | USD |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed by the protocol at exactly 21,000 | 21,000 | 0.0006195 | 1.98 |
| 45,000 to 70,000 depending on the token | 65,000 | 0.0019175 | 6.14 |
| Setting an allowance before a swap | 46,000 | 0.001357 | 4.34 |
| Two-token pool, no routing | 150,000 | 0.004425 | 14.16 |
| More expensive than V2 per swap | 184,000 | 0.005428 | 17.37 |
| Varies widely with the contract | 200,000 | 0.0059 | 18.88 |
| ERC-721 safeTransferFrom | 85,000 | 0.0025075 | 8.02 |
| L1 side of a rollup deposit | 120,000 | 0.00354 | 11.33 |
| Entirely dependent on code size | 1,200,000 | 0.0354 | 113.28 |
The unit ladder underneath every figure here, converted exactly in either direction.
Once the fees are known, work out what the trade around them actually returned.
For the hex side of chain data: transaction values, gas fields, and calldata are all base 16.
A fee is gas used multiplied by the price of a unit of gas, and nothing else. What makes it worth a page is the second half: since EIP-1559 that price is the sum of a base fee the protocol sets and a tip you choose, and those two parts have completely different destinations. The base fee is burned and reaches nobody; the tip is the validator's income and is the only part that competes for inclusion. Your max fee is a ceiling on the sum rather than a payment, so authorising more than you need is free, while authorising too little either squeezes the tip or leaves the transaction unincludable. All of it is computed here in exact integer wei, and none of it needs a network call, because every input is a number you already have in front of you.
Sending ETH is fixed by the protocol at exactly 21,000 gas. Everything else depends on the contract, so the presets carry realistic figures for a token transfer, an approval, a swap, a mint, and a bridge deposit, and the field takes any number when your wallet has already estimated it.
In EIP-1559 mode that means three numbers: the base fee the protocol sets, the priority fee you are tipping, and the max fee you authorise. Legacy mode takes one flat gas price instead, which is what older wallets and some other EVM chains still use.
The result separates what is burned from what the validator keeps, and shows the headroom your max fee authorised but never spent. Type what one ETH is worth to you and the same figures appear in your currency, including the highest gas price that fits a budget you name.
Since the London upgrade a fee has two destinations. The base fee is destroyed and reaches nobody, while the priority fee is what a validator actually earns for including you. The distinction matters for anyone reasoning about ETH supply, and it matters practically too: raising the tip changes how fast you are included, raising the max fee alone usually does not change what you pay at all.
Two failure modes hide in that third field. If the max fee is below the base fee the transaction cannot be included by anyone and simply sits pending. If it is above the base fee but not by enough to fit your whole tip, the tip is quietly squeezed and the transaction goes slower than you asked for. Both are detected here and explained where they occur rather than left as a number that looks fine.
Gas units times a gwei price is an integer count of wei, and it is kept that way from end to end on top of the same BigInt engine as the satoshi and gwei converter. Floating point would give 0.0006300000000000001 for a plain transfer, which is not what your wallet will show, and small errors compound when you are comparing ten scenarios.
Name a figure you are willing to spend and the page returns the highest gas price that fits, rounded down so it never goes over. It is the question people actually have while watching a gas tracker: not what does this cost now, but how low does gas have to go before I press send.
Every common transaction priced at whatever gas price you are looking at, from a plain transfer to a contract deployment. Gas usage is a property of the code rather than of the market, so the table moves only when the price does, which makes it a fair way to compare a swap against a mint on the same day.
There is no live ETH price on this page. The currency column exists only because you typed a rate, which means the calculator never breaks when a provider changes its terms, never rate-limits, and never quietly shows a figure from twenty minutes ago as if it were current.
Multiply the gas used by the price per unit of gas. Under EIP-1559 that price is the base fee plus your priority fee, capped by your max fee, so a plain ETH transfer at a 28 gwei base fee with a 2 gwei tip costs 21,000 × 30 gwei, which is 630,000 gwei, or 0.00063 ETH. The unit chain is worth holding onto: one gwei is a billionth of an ether, so gas units times gwei gives gwei, and dividing by a billion gives ether. Everything else on this page is that one multiplication plus the question of where each part of the money goes.
The limit is the ceiling you authorise; the gas used is what the transaction actually consumes, and it is what you pay for. Unused gas is returned, so setting a limit higher than needed costs nothing, while setting it too low means the transaction runs out of gas partway, fails, and still charges you for the work done up to that point. That asymmetry is why wallets add a safety margin to their estimate. This calculator asks for gas used rather than gas limit, because that is the number that turns into money.
Because the protocol fixes it. 21,000 is the intrinsic cost of any transaction: signature recovery, the nonce check, the balance update, and the base overhead of getting into a block. A transfer to a normal address does nothing beyond that, so it never costs more. Sending to a contract address adds the cost of whatever code runs, and adding data to the transaction costs extra per byte, which is why an ETH transfer with a message attached is dearer than a bare one.
The base fee is set by the protocol rather than bid by users, and it moves with demand: each block adjusts it up or down by up to 12.5% depending on whether the previous block was more or less than half full. Burning it removes the incentive for the block producer to manipulate it, since inflating the base fee would earn them nothing. It also means high network activity permanently removes ETH from supply, which is the mechanism people are describing when they call ETH deflationary during busy periods.
Enough to be worth including, which on a quiet network is very little. Validators order transactions by what they earn, and that is the tip, not the total. In calm conditions one or two gwei is normally plenty; during a popular mint it can be worth many times the base fee, because you are bidding against everyone else in the same block. The useful mental model is that the base fee decides whether your transaction can go in at all, and the tip decides whether it goes in first.
Almost always because the max fee sits below the current base fee. Nobody can include it, because the base fee is not negotiable and cannot be part-paid, so it waits until the base fee happens to fall to meet it. Wallets let you fix this by replacing the transaction with the same nonce and a higher max fee. The other common cause is a nonce gap: a transaction with an earlier nonce is stuck, and everything after it has to wait its turn regardless of what it is paying.
The arithmetic is the same, but the pricing has two parts. An L2 charges you for execution on its own chain, which is cheap, plus a share of the cost of posting your data to Ethereum, which is not. Since the Dencun upgrade that data goes into blobs with their own separate fee market, which is why L2 fees fell sharply and why they still spike when blob space is contended. Put your L2's gas price in gwei into this calculator and the execution side is right; the data portion is a separate charge your wallet folds into the quote.
The gas usage barely changes, since the code being run is the same. What moves is the price per unit of gas, and it moves a great deal: the base fee can differ by an order of magnitude between a quiet weekend and a heavily traded hour. The ladder table on this page is there to make that concrete, showing the same transaction priced from 1 gwei to 200. A smaller effect is storage: writing a value into a fresh storage slot costs 20,000 gas against 5,000 to update one, so the first time you interact with a contract is often dearer than every time after.
No. There is no wallet connection, no address lookup, no RPC call, and no price feed of any kind. Every number comes from what you type, and the arithmetic runs in this tab. That is a deliberate policy for this whole category rather than a missing feature: a calculator with no external dependency cannot rate-limit, cannot break when a provider changes its terms, and cannot show you a stale number as if it were live.
Divide by a billion, since one gwei is 10 to the minus nine ether. So 30 gwei is 0.00000003 ETH, and 1 ETH is a billion gwei. Wei is the smallest unit, a billionth of a gwei and a quintillionth of an ether, and every fee on the chain is an integer number of wei underneath whatever your wallet chooses to display. If you need the whole ladder, including the units between them, the satoshi and gwei converter handles it exactly.
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